mÆÐҐЇÐy Æ ¥Ї :: [ إدآره الموقع ] ::
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عدد المساهمات : 1604 تاريخ التسجيل : 29/10/2009 العمر : 31 الموقع : في قلبها الأوسمة :
| موضوع: direct speech;its easy!! الجمعة سبتمبر 17, 2010 4:57 pm | |
| Hi guys! How are you? How did you pass L'Aid? I hope you're fine. I'd like to tell you about reported speech.It's not as difficult as some people think. Let's begin then. the reported speech or indirect speech is in geneal the job of threepersons, the first speaks to the second,the third reports to the second what the first says ex: A to B:what are you doing? C to B:he asked you what were you doing. asked:is introducing verb.there some other verbs:to tell,to say ,to inform to order ,to answer, to apoloy... if the introducing verb is in the present,we won't make any changing it will be follown in chaa allah | |
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mÆÐҐЇÐy Æ ¥Ї :: [ إدآره الموقع ] ::
رقم العضوية : 2
الجنس :
نقاط التميز : 4352
عدد المساهمات : 1604 تاريخ التسجيل : 29/10/2009 العمر : 31 الموقع : في قلبها الأوسمة :
| موضوع: رد: direct speech;its easy!! الجمعة سبتمبر 17, 2010 4:57 pm | |
| really it is very easy i will give u more information Direct and Indirect Speech When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past. Verb tense changes also characterize other situations using indirect speech. Note the changes shown in the chart and see the table below for examples. With indirect speech, the use of that is optional. Direct Speech ÞIndirect Speech simple present He said, “I go to school every day.” Þsimple past He said (that) he went to school every day. simple past He said, “I went to school every day.” Þpast perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day. present perfect He said, “I have gone to school every day.” Þpast perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day. present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.” Þpast progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day. past progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.” Þperfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day, future (will) He said, “I will go to school every day.” Þwould + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day. future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.” Þpresent progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day. past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day Direct Speech ÞIndirect Speech auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?” Þsimple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school. imperative He said, “Go to school every day.” Þinfinitive He said to go to school every day.
*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct speech, then a construction with if or whether is used. If a WH question is being asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note that with indirect speech, these are examples of embedded questions. The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below.
Direct Speech ÞIndirect Speech simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.” Þsimple present + simple present He says (that) he goes to school every day. present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.” Þpresent perfect + simple present He has said (that) he goes to school every day. past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.” Þpast progressive + simple past He was saying (that) he went to school every day. past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day. future + simple present He will say, “I go to school every day.” Þfuture + simple present He will say (that) he goes to school every day.
Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used.
Direct Speech ÞIndirect Speech can He said, “I can go to school every day.” Þcould He said (that) he could go to school every day. may He said, “I may go to school every day.” Þmight He said (that) he might go to school every day. might He said, “I might go to school every day.” must He said, “I must go to school every day.” Þhad to He said (that) he had to go to school every day. have to He said, “I have to go to school every day.” should He said, “I should go to school every day.” Þshould He said (that) he should go to school every day. ought to He said, “I ought to go to school every day.” Þought to He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.
While not all of the possibilities have been listed here, there are enough to provide examples of the main rules governing the use of indirect or reported speech. For other situations, try to extrapolate from the examples here, or better still, refer to a good grammar text or reference book. Some other verbs that can be used to introduce direct speech are: ask, report, tell, announce, suggest, and inquire. They are not used interchangeably; check a grammar or usage book for further information. | |
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